Quranic Mentions of the Sun, the Metonic Cycle, and More 

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While studying the mentions of the sun in the Quran, I noticed that many of them were combined with mentions of the moon. In fact, there are significantly more mentions of the sun and moon together in the same aya than there are mentions of them separately. Not only that, but because in one aya, 41:37, where they are each mentioned twice (you could say it has 2 pairs), the count of mentions is one more than that of the suras containing them. Thus there are 20 mentions of the sun+moon as a pair in 19 suras. This relates to the Metonic Cycle where the solar and lunar cycles intersect or “meet” every 19 years exactly. And because the Quran’s structure and other elements involve the number 19 in significant ways, I found this is something that needs to be investigated further.

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